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What is Crohn's disease?Crohn's disease is a chronic (long-term) inflammation of the bowel (intestines). Areas of inflamed tissue are often separated by areas of normal tissue. The large intestine is inflamed in 65% of the people who have Crohn's disease. The small intestine is inflamed in 35% of people with the disease. Crohn's disease generally occurs in young adults. How does it occur?The cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. In Crohn's disease, the inflammation occurs in all the layers of the small or large intestine as well as nearby tissues and lymph nodes. The sores and swollen areas may thicken and eventually block the intestines. The inflammation can cause holes and sores in the bowel walls. Because the inflammation also affects the outer intestinal walls, the loops of bowel may attach to each other. What are the symptoms?Symptoms of Crohn's disease include:
How is it diagnosed?To diagnose Crohn's disease, your doctor will review your symptoms and examine you. The exam usually includes a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy (a procedure in which the doctor uses a scope to look at the inside of your intestine or colon). Often the doctor will take a small piece of bowel tissue for testing. The doctor may also want a sample of your stool (bowel movement) for testing. Other tests may include a blood test and a barium x-ray study to examine the colon and small bowel (particularly the end section of the bowel). How is it treated?There is no cure for Crohn's disease. The best treatment is frequent checkups with your doctor to control the disease. The doctor will probably prescribe one or more medications for you to take. If you have diarrhea, avoid certain foods that have a laxative effect, such as raw fruits and vegetables and concentrated fruit juices. You can rest your bowel by not eating solid foods for a while. Drink just clear fluids frequently during the day (electrolyte or rehydrating fluids are best). It is important to drink often so that you do not become dehydrated. When an attack of diarrhea is over, eat small frequent meals. Return to your normal diet gradually. Limit or avoid food additives and stimulants such as caffeine (in coffee, tea, or chocolate). Avoid eating or drinking milk products. Enzyme supplements may help if you develop intolerance to lactose (a sugar in dairy products). Ask your doctor if you should reduce the amount of roughage in your diet. If you have cramps or abdominal pain, it may help to put a hot water bottle or electric heating pad (set on low) on your abdomen. If your condition is more serious, hospital treatment may include:
If the disease is not kept under control you may get sores, tears, or abnormal openings in and around your intestines. In this case you may need surgery. How can I take care of myself?It is important to follow your doctor's instructions. If your symptoms persist or if you develop new symptoms, tell your doctor. In addition, you can:
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