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What is an anal fissure?An anal fissure is a small cut in the skin of the anus. The anus is the opening through which bowel movements pass. Anal fissures are a fairly common disorder and occur more often in women. How does it occur?Anal fissures are usually caused by small tears in the skin of the anus. These tears occur during bowel movements when hard, dry stools are passed. They may also be associated with:
What are the symptoms?Symptoms can include:
How is it diagnosed?Although the doctor can usually diagnose an anal fissure by physical exam, a procedure called Proctoscopy may be used to confirm the diagnosis. This procedure uses an instrument called an Proctoscope to examine the anus and lower part of the rectum. Your doctor may want to perform additional studies, such as a sigmoidoscopy, if there is any question about the cause of the fissure. How is it treated?Treatment for anal fissures includes both medical treatment and home care. Stool softeners and temporary use of pain-relieving cream or ointment may be used. Medical treatment include Calcium channel blockers like Nifidepine, Diltiazem or Nitrates For fissures that recur or don't heal, an internal anal sphincterotomy may be necessary. This procedure stops the painful spasms that occur, allows for much easier bowel movements, and allows the tear in the anal skin to heal. How long will the effects last?An anal fissure usually heals by itself in a few days, although muscle spasms may delay healing. How can I take care of myself?Follow these guidelines to treat anal fissures at home:
Do not use analgesic creams or ointments for more than a few days without a doctor's instructions. Many of these products cause allergic skin reactions and worsen the condition. What can be done to help prevent anal fissures?The best prevention for anal fissures is to keep stools soft and maintain a healthy lower intestinal tract. This includes:
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